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10. The caste wise population of Maharashtra is. [58], Some Goan Daivadnya families migrated to Pune and overseas. Ishta-devata is a term denoting a worshipper's favourite deity. 9. 3 maharashtra 3165 sonar chatri 3 maharashtra 3166 sonar maratha 3 maharashtra 3167 sonar zade 3 maharashtra 3168 sonar 3 maharashtra 3169 sutar loharsutar . [34] About 12,000 families from the Ssa region of Goa (from Raia, Cuncolim, Loutolim, Vera and other places), mostly of the eavs and the Shets, including Vaishya Vani, Kudumbi, and others, departed by ship to the southern ports of Honnvara to Kozhikode. They are referred as Gavli in southern Maharashtra, Goa and northern Karnataka, Golla in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka [1] [2] and Ahir in northern Maharashtra ( Khandesh region ). Eligible marriage seekers can register their biodata on a Sonar matrimonial website to find a suitable match within the Sonar community. [18][19], Old Portuguese documents also mention them as Arie Brahmavranda Daivadnea or Aria Daivadnea Orgon Somudai, transliterated as Arya Daivadnya Varga Samudaya, as well as Daivadneagotri. Sonar. [66] The body is generally carried to the cremation ground by the son of the deceased and his/her close relatives. It is rare to find a Christian Goan Shet, while all the other castes find some representation in the convert society;[37] this is because the economic power the es wielded in the sixteenth century enabled them to live and work in Goa on their own terms or emigrate with their religion intact. For the ease of administration, the present classification of castes in the Hindu religion in Maharashtra is done as General, Other Backward Classes (OBCs), Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). You can modify caste preferences anytime from "Profile>Partner Preferences" menu. Etymology [ edit] on Friday told the legislative council that caste scrutiny committees had become depots of corruption. Though Sunar is an artisan caste and is a heterogenous community where people from different backgrounds adopted the work of goldsmiths. [106] The custom of dowry in its strict form does not exist any more, but Slakta Kanydna with Varadaki is followed as a custom. Some are money lenders. [citation needed][needsindependentconfirmation], Author Vithal Raghavendra Mitragotri says, The Bhojas are well-known sculptures and have migrated to various regions of India. In this article, we will look at the caste-wise demographics of Maharashtra and learn more about their aspects. Shriram. , Uttar Pradesh [31][32] Several families from western India had settled down in Kashi since the late 13th century. P iroakara, Anthropological Survey of India, H. K. Mandal, p. 65, Article written by Devakinanadan Daivadnya, daily "Rashtramat" published from Goa, 17 August 1974, p. 2, "Gomantak Prakruti ani Sanskruti", Part-1, p. 226, by B. D. Satoskar, Shubhada Publication, "Gomant Kalika"(monthly), April 2004, published by Kalika Prakashan Vishwast Mandal, "Mahan Daivadnya Sant ani Vibhuti", p. 50, By P. P Shirodkar, Kalika Prakashan, "Gomant Kalika", articles published in the April 2008 issue by several writers, "Gomantak Prakruti ani Sanskruti", Part-1, p. 223 by B. D. Satoskar, "Gomantak Pranruti and Sanskruti", Part-1, p. 381 by B. D. Satoskar, "The Portuguese empire, 14151808" By A. J. R. Russell-Wood, Page 105, "Gomantak Prakruti ani Sanskruti", Part-2, p. 562, by B. D. Satoskar, published by Shubhada Publication, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of Daivajna temples and other affiliated temples, Savatsarrabha, Savatsar Pvo or Yugdi, "Cabinet okays 10% quota for upper caste poor in the State", Official website of Shree Mahamaya Kalika temple, "Goa" By Kumar Suresh Singh, Pra. The less fortunate among them sell books or stationery or auto parts. Today they arrange them with the Daivajas of Karnataka and Maharashtra. Sonar (Caste No Bar), B.Com., Banking Professional, Mumbai, Maharashtra. [1] The community is primarily Hindu, and found usually in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat and other Northern States. Until the early 19th century, Goan es were divided into three sub-divisions based on their geographical location, but these divisions no longer exist: These sub-divisions never intermarried nor did they accept food from their counterparts. In India it is primarily an investment, its ornamental purpose being an incident. Mahar, caste-cluster, or group of many endogamous castes, living chiefly in Maharashtra state, India, and in adjoining states. [66]Smntapuj, Kanydna, Kakaa-bandhana, Magalasutra-bandhana, Saptapadi, Ljahoma, Amrohaa, Vyanadna form the actual parts of the wedding ceremony. Updates? There are no mentions of the es practising this occupation in the early history, although they used to make gold and silver images for the temples, which old texts suggest they have inherited this art from the Bhojaks[29] who made idols of the Sun god, hence were also called as Murtikras. [66] All other sacraments related to it, like Kenta or the first shave, Vedarambha or, Samvartana or So Munj are performed as a part of thread ceremony nowadays. Deshpande. [16] The very few who converted were assigned the caste of Bamonn among the Goan Catholics. Users can express unlimited interests with custom messages in a 100 Rs plan. Mother's Name * * 11. Please. [94] Portuguese language is known by many members of older generation of Goans who had done their formal education during the Portuguese rule. , Karnataka [45][full citation needed][46][47], Documents mention a Gramanya[j] that lasted from 1822 to 1825, between the Daivadnyas and the Brahmins of Pune or the Puna Joshis.This dispute started because the Puna Joshis were against Daivadnyas employing their own priests and not employing the Vyavahare Joshis for their religious functions. Even if a Sonar is not present at a wedding, their presence is felt by everyone who sees the bride decked out in his beautiful golden artwork. By choosing to continue, you agree to our. We recommend against using %Christian Adherent and %Evangelical to calculate absolute numbers. They do not eat meals prepared by Brhmans, or drink water at the hands of Brhmans. Press, 1990, p. 251, "Karnataka State Gazetteer" By Karnataka (India), K. Abhishankar, Sryantha Kmat, Published by Printed by the Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Govt. This includes castes like Lohars (ironsmith), Kumbhar (potter), Malis (Gardeners), Nawhi (barbers), Sonar (Goldsmith), Telis (oil pressers), Chambers (blacksmiths), Sutars (carpenters), etc. and father's sisters children are considered as cousins and potential mates. , Maharashtra They speak Marathi. Matchfinder.in, Shaadi.com and Bharat Matrimony are some popular websites. Pray for a chain reaction of Sonar families reaching families that results in thousands of new believers who share their faith with others. [10] It is sometimes held one month following the child birth if the stars are not favourable. Though the term Rathakara is not accepted by them and is used by others to degrade them. In the early 1980s the Mahar community was believed to constitute about 9 percent of the total population of Maharashtraby far the largest, most widespread, and most important of all the region's . Can you please provide me the evidence from which you have taken above days? [60] A small number have Portuguese[62] or Kenyan citizenship,[63] and a few live in Karachi, Lahore[64] Pakistan, but most of them have settled as refugees in Ulhasnagar after partition. [66], Daivadnyas who follow the Vaishnavism of Madhvacharya worship Vishnu and Lakshmi as their prime deities and have established many temples of Vishnu in the form of Lakshminarayan, Krishna, Venkatesha, Narasimha and Vithoba. The Akhla Bharatiya Daivaja Samajonnati Pariat has existed since 1908 for their betterment. Their title is Setti." [2] They are native to the Konkan and are mainly found in the states of Goa and Damaon, Canara (coastal Karnataka), coastal Maharashtra, and Kerala. [102], Daivadnya people are not so orthodox but they strictly adhere to all the oaa Saskra or the 16 sacraments, and other Brahminical rituals according to the Rig Veda. Check how to apply for Caste OBC certificate provided by the revenue department,Govt. Once the registration is complete, users can search for Ahir Sonar brides or grooms from the "Find Matches" menu. . [10] After the child is born, ten days of birth pollution or Suyer is observed, by keeping an oil lamp lit for ten days. The community at each station has one or two Mukhtsars or headmen, who enquire into, and settle the caste affairs. - Few evangelicals, but significant number who identify as Christians. Sonar marriage bureaus are physical offices or consultancies run by marriage brokers who act as mediators between the bride and groom families. Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus or the CKP community is the Brahmin Prabhu community of medieval Mumbai. The total Maratha caste population in Maharashtra is 43% including the Kunbi Maratha category. Populations are scaled to the current year. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology. , India, Faridabad Due to some unavoidable conflicts between the two sects in the community a new maha was established in Sri Kshetra Karki, Honnvara, in North Canara district. Sonar goldsmiths hold an essential role in traditional Hindu weddings in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Community based matrimonial websites are popular in caste prevalent India. [48] These Daivadnya families had migrated from Ratnagiri, to Pune during the reign of Baji Rao I, who always upheld their claims against the Vyavahare Brahmans or the Puna Joshis. [36], The Portuguese imposed heavy restrictions on all Goan Hindus, but the Shets were granted exemption from certain obligations or liabilities. [131], The tradition of studying Vedas amongst the Goan es does not exist any more,[73] but Daivadnyas from Gokara, Honnavara and many other places in coastal Karnataka and Kokaa division of Maharashtra have kept this tradition alive. , India, Sitapur Matchmaking is very easy on our matrimonials. Profiles include statistics, text, photo, map, progress indicator and language resources. Daivadnyas are commonly known as Shet. A prosperous, vibrant state with promising human and natural resources, Maharashtra is one of the most developed states in India. Many cities in Maharashtra are industrial, economic, educational centres with highly advanced modern residential facilities. 10. Sondi. "They are asked for old records and they only get certificates after they take part in some economics.We will see if we can ease the rules," he said. Learn about the Sonar (Hindu traditions) in India people group. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Caste system in Maharashtra is amid a big change. Scripture Prayers for the Sonar (Hindu traditions) in India. were only 4%, *Socially and Economically Backward Classes (SEBC): 16%, Vimukta Jati (VJ or Denotified Tribes): 3%. Important About Obc Caste List In Maharashtra. Daivadnyas in Kanara speak different dialects of Kokai, such as Karvari in the Uttara Kannada district and Magluri in the South Canara district. The main festivals celebrated in this temple are iirotsava, Navrtr, Rathasaptam, valbhojana and Vasantapuj.[20][70][71]. Sitting, or rather crouching on their haunches, are a couple of the Pnchla workmen. Rjave samagra shitya, V. K. Rajwade The numbers stated are according to Census 2011 and might have increased to date due to increased immigration. "Mahan Daivadnya Sant ani Vibhuti", p. 73 by P. P. Shirodkar, published by Kalika Prakashan Vishwast Mandal, "Saint Vdirja Trtha's r Rukmia Vijaya" By Vdirja, D. R. Vasudeva Rau, "Bharatiya Samajvighatak Jati Varna Vyavastha" p. 141 by P. P. Shirodkar, published by Kalika Prakashan Vishwast Mandal, "People of India: Goa" By Kumar Suresh Singh, Prakashchandra P. Shirodkar, Pra. Pune Daivajas also honour various saints like Sathya Sai Baba, Dada Maharaj of Patgaon, Raghavendra Swami, Narasimha Saraswati, Swami Samarth Maharaj, Sai Baba of Shirdi, Shreedhar Swami, Mata Amritanandamayi and Makipura Svm. One needs certificate of profession of before 1967. Joshua Project may be able to provide more information than what is published on this site. - Evangelicals have a significant presence. [117], The traditional occupation of Daivaja people is the jewellery trade. The Maratha caste [note 1] is composed of 96 Marathi clans originally formed in the earlier centuries from the amalgamation of families from the peasant ( Kunbi ), shepherd ( Dhangar ), pastoral ( Gavli ), blacksmith ( Lohar ), carpenter (Sutar), Bhandari, Thakar and Koli castes in Maharashtra. Inform UsIf you know a Govt. Just submit your biodata to contact Marathi Ahir Sonar community brides or grooms instantly. [1][22] Shets or Daivadnyas also claim Brahmin varna status, however, this is accepted by local Brahmins and other communities of the region. The Maratha many times claim to be kunbi and vice versa. King John III of Portugal issued a decree threatening expulsion or execution of non-believers in Christianity in 1559 AD; the Daivadnyas refused conversion and had to decamp. ], A few Daivadnya families who converted to Catholicism migrated to Mangalore due to attacks by the Marathas in Goa during the late 17th and early 18th century. Women wore gold ornaments on different parts of their bodies (e.g. In the list available by the National Backward Classes Commission, any user can find his caste from OBC Cast List Maharashtra by entering the name of his caste and community. After Dr B.R. She is a blogger and a proud nature lover, looking to find fun-filled solutions out of problems. es were divided according to the place from where they hailed, the maha they followed and other criteria. According to the 2011 national census, the population of Maharashtra was more than 11 crore 23 lakh 74 thousand. This will take care of showing you matches only from the Sonar community. Intercaste marriages are not common in Daivajas[107][full citation needed], A widower is and was allowed to remarry but traditionally this was not the case for widows. The actual wedding ceremony is performed as per gveda. The community at each station has one or two Mukhtsars or headmen, who enquire into, and settle the caste affairs. "They are asked for old records and they only get certificates after they . Up to 1476 there was no proper Vaishnavism in Goa, but later under influence of Madhvacharya many of them embraced Madhwa philosophy. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The number of backward classes listed in Maharashtra is 346. [54] It is during these disputes Daivadnya Pundits came up with extensive literature like versions of Sahyadrikhanda of Skandapurana, to clear their maligned image by the Pune Brahmins. MSEDCL dedicate ourselves to accept all challenges to serve our consumers by supplying reliable and quality power at reasonable and competitive tariffs so as to boost agricultural, industrial sector and overall economic development of Maharashtra. Sonar. The Sonars or Sonagras of South Canara are described by Mr. H. A. Stuart *[1] as a goldsmith caste, who "speak Konkani, which is a dialect of Marthi, and are believed to have come from Goa. Users are also eligible to view contact details of one profile. They wore turbans and Pagdis, Muso, a red velvet cap or Top was used by the traders and merchants so that they would not be troubled by the Portuguese. Some are diamond cutters while others design beautiful jewelry or idols. 2) Evidence in support of caste certificate. Corrections? PSCNOTES.in is a free resource site for UPSC and PSC aspirants, founded by Sheshan Pradhan. Caste Category. Population of other minority communities is Buddhists (58,38,000), Jains (13,02,000), Christians (10,59,000), Sikhs (2,15,000) and other communities like Zoroastrians, Judaism, etc(2,37,000). in nepal sunar is also use soni as a caste . 3) Evidence of the applicant original village/ town. [86], The emigration of Goan Shets to Kerala dates from the early 13th century,[87][full citation needed] when most of them settled in the port of Cochin. Maharashtra Caste List PDF Download. Their name has many alternative spellings, including Daivajna, Daivajnya, Daiwadnya, and Daivadnea. It is designed and developed by National Informatics Centre (NIC), Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India. According to Dr Ambedkar, converting to other religions was a way to free people from the oppressions of caste-based hierarchy. [66], When the boys grow up, and before they attain the age of 12, Munj or Upanayana is performed with great fanfare. Stoskr in his encyclopedic work on Goan culture, suggests that they are a part of the tribe and reached Goa around 700 BC. The followers of Adi Shankara worship deities as prescribed by him as Panchayatana puja a concept of worshipping God in any of the five forms, namely Shiva, Devi, Ganesha, Vishnu and Surya, that was propagated by Adi Shankara (8th century) is observed by Daivadnyas today. [86] Many of them have accepted Marahi/Kannaa as their cultural language but noticeably, this has not led to an assimilation of these languages with Kokai. The current share of these categories in Maharashtra is General (78.8%), SC (11.8%), and ST (9.4%). [91], Almost all of them are bilingual, Goan ses can speak Marahi fluently,[86] Canara Ses speak Kannaa and Tulu outside home,[92] likewise a very small fraction of Keralites can speak Malayala with an accent, most of them can speak English fluently. I am going to do a case study on reservation system of Maharashtra. [101] One's father's brother's children as well as mother's sister's children are considered as brothers and sisters, whereas mother's brother's children The government of Maharashtra notified as per gr to all education sectors update their educational records as per reservation is 16% for Maratha caste category. [3], Daivadnyas are a subgroup of Sonars (Gold Smiths) and hence they are called as Daivadnya Sonars or Suvarakara[a] or simply Sonar[b]. During registering a bride or groom profile, enter caste as "Ahir Sonar" in the first step of registration. For instance, the Maratha caste in the state was an amalgamation of many farmer castes but eventually divided into different castes. Historically, Maharashtra is a Hindu dominated state followed by Muslims; their populations being more than 7,78,59,000 and 1,02,70,000, respectively. Urdu Sonar Matrimony - Find Lakhs of Brides and Grooms trusted database of Urdu Speaking Sonar at Matrimonials India,search Muslim Sonar Boys & Girls Matrimony . [17] Gomantak Prakruti ani Sanskruti, a comprehensive work on Goan culture also suggests that they called themselves Sreshtha to distinguish themselves from other groups who were assigned status of Sankra jati or mixed origin in the Shastras. [116] The fashion of wearing a blouse became popular in the 18th century. The Sonars are Hindus who worship whichever god they believe will bring them good luck and prosperity. Tambat,Twashta Kasar, Kasar 161. [39][unreliable source? This is the Government Services Portal of India, developed with an objective to enable a single window access to services being provided by the various Indian Government entities. During registering a bride or groom profile, enter caste as "Sonar" in the first step of registration. Take cues from these TV actresses for traditional outfits for Holi, Celebs who found love again after divorce, Indians who have made it to the Oscar's Stage, 8 healthy meals you can pack in your kids tiffin, Diseases your blood group makes you prone to, Before Ushna Shah, this Pakistani bride wore a red lehenga for her wedding, 19 signs that you are afraid of being alone, Live: PM addresses post-budget webinar on Green Growth, Oscars to have Crisis Team after Will Smith slapgate, Adani's older brother plays key role at embattled dynasty, Terms of Use and Grievance Redressal Policy. Thoria 160. , India, Bangalore Thogati Essential Government Services during Pandemic. The Daivadnyas, (also known as Daivadnya Sonars[1] or Konkanastha Rathakara), are a Konkani Gold-smith community, who claim to have descended from Vishwakarma, Hindu architect god and part of larger Vishwakarma community. [115][116] Men had their ears pierced and wore Bhikbl, sported end and wore Vibhut or Sandalwood or Gopcandana paste on their foreheads. 6) Affidavit Caste Certificate for ST Caste (Form-A-1) 7) Extract of birth register of the applicant/father/or relatives. A detailed study of Comunidades[h] shows that baptised es were categorised as Bamonns. They are found in the Arab countries[62] and have been migrating overseas in pursuit of higher education and employment for number of years, notably to the US and UK. People use these clan names as surname and Marriage between persons belonging to the same clan is prohibited. It was built by Kadambas and was renovated by a Daivadnya minister who was serving Sawant Bhonsale kings of Sawantwadi, Maharashtra. [96], Daivaja traders had developed a unique slang called Kal Bhs, which was used to keep the secrecy of the trade by the traders. Keep your photo handy before you start registration. [83] They are sometimes collectively called as Kokaastha Daivajas. [33], In 1510 the Portuguese invaded Goa. One of them is blowing a pan of charcoal into flame through an iron tube some eighteen inches long by one in diameter, and stirring up the loose charcoal. [5] The Poona government did not accept the claim either but the Bombay Sonars continued with the claim. , Uttar Pradesh In the Madras Census Report, 1901, the Sunnri (or Sonnri) are described as Oriya goldsmiths (see Risley, Tribes and Castes of Bengal, Sonar). "Genetics of Castes and Tribes of India:Indian Population Milieu" by M. K. Bhasin, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 14:57. Maharashtra, a state in Western India, is home to more than 9% of India's population. Joshua Project makes every effort to ensure that the subject in an image is in fact from the specific people group. Sonar is a Hindu community predominantly found in Maharashtra. Virpa e of Coae,[121]ditya e of ivpura or irod[122] Vihhala e, Dama e, who was appointed as an administrator of the Bhatkaa port by the Portuguese,[123] and others. Other geography / data: GMI. K. [49] The opponent Brahmins were against the Daivadnyas administering Vedokta Karmas or Vedic rituals, studying and teaching Vedas, wearing dhoti, folding hands in Namaskar. Our mother tongue is urdu and caste is .She is currently residing in indi. , India, Thane A possible Pancayatana set may be: Shantadurga, Shiva, Lakshminarayan (Vishnu with his consort Lakshmi), Ganesha and Surya. [84] Daivajas from Kokaa later migrated elsewhere in Maharashtra,[85][pageneeded] and hence they were also known as Kokae or Konkane Devajnas as mentioned in old documents. [46][95], Historically, many scripts have been used writing either Koka or Marh. Pray that churches and believers will bless their entire people group in such a way that God's love will change the Sonar people like yeast changes dough. Since days of yore their business has been flourishing on the banks of river Mandovi, historical records mention them as prosperous and wealthy traders and business class. Other Ishta-devata of Daivadnyas include Rama, Dattatreya[9] Hanuman,[9] Vithoba of Pandharpur, Hayagriva of Udupi, Mahalakshmi, Krishna, Gayatri, Durg Paramevar, Lakshmi-narayan, Majuntha of Dharmasthala and Gokara Mahbalevara. [citation needed], The Keralite Shets have a temple dedicated to Gopalakrishna, which is perhaps the oldest temple in Fort Cochin.[88]. Ravala e from Caraim who was summoned to Lisbon by the king of Portugal,[124][125] was a collaborator with Afonso de Albuquerque and retained a high office in Goa. The Hindu Castes Their Religion and Customs "Gomantak Prakruti ani Sanskruti", Part-1, p. 224, B. D. Satoskar, Shubhada Publication. Traditionally they are goldsmiths, but with the availability of better educational facilities the Sonar have become inclined toward education. The account of each caste and sub-caste is given below. [60], Their earliest religious beliefs could have been based on a mixture of Brahmanism, Bhagavata religion, sun worship and Shaivism, though it cannot be ascertained to a particular period of time or geographical region. The hatred was so severe until the 19th century that only fear of the police kept the peace. Little, if any, history of Christianity. 4) Affidavit Caste Certificate (Form-2) and (Form-3) 5) Copy of revenue records or village panchayat record. Most of them can be called Sakara Jti or mixed caste, and their social status varies from those with high social status, who are ritually pure and have the right to perform "strata-smarta" rituals and to those considered fallen or degraded. They were converted into Madhva fold by Vadiraja Tirtha and they are followers of Sodhe Matha, one of Ashta Mathas of Udupi. [43] Dhume mentions that the es also studied medicine, astrology, astronomy[118] in ancient university of Brahmapuri in Goa. Before his death in 1956, Ambedkar and hundreds of thousands of his Mahar followers converted to Buddhism in protest against their Hindu caste status. Live Help Contact Us Create Support Ticket Feedback Business Queries. / Caste Serial No. cutting child's hair for first time, Vidyrabha or commencement of studies, are performed as per caste rules. The Saskras begin to be observed right from the day of conception, but the prenatal sacraments like Garbhadhna, Pusavana, are usually performed as a part of the wedding ceremony nowadays, unlike some 30 years ago these sacraments were held separately after the wedding ceremony at the right time. Values for %Christian Adherent and %Evangelical (which determine unreached status) are often informed estimates, some more accurate than others. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. With vigorously growing cities like Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Aurangabad, Nashik, Solapur, Amravati the state attracts people from all over India and abroad for job opportunities, education, tourism, etc. Death pollution or Sutaka usually lasts for twelve days. [46] etc. [86] Other festivals and Vratas observed by them are Savatsarrabha, Savatsar Pvo or Yugdi, Vaa Paurim, Vadpunav, k rvai, Stpunav, Gokulashtami, ditya pujan, ytr puja, Haritlik Ttiy, Tay or Tay, Navratri, Lalita Panchami, Dasaro, vatc puj, Bhaubeej, Tula Lagna, Ekadashis like dh, Krtik, Mlin Paurim or Mnn Punav, Makar Sankranti, Shigmo, Holi, Mahashivratri, Vekaapat Samardhan'[114], Daivaja men traditionally wear Dhots called Puve or Agavastra, which cover them from waist to foot. It has been noted *[2] that "in Madras, an exceedingly poor country, there is one male goldsmith to every 408 of the total population; in England, a very rich country, there is only one goldsmith to every 1,200 inhabitants. gmod military rp maps, preguntas y respuestas del libro de ezequiel, shadow mountain community church sermon notes,